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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Internal–external distinction ： ウィキペディア英語版 Internal–external distinction The internal–external distinction is a distinction used in philosophy to divide an ontology into two parts: an internal part consisting of a linguistic framework and observations related to that framework, and an external part concerning practical questions about the utility of that framework. This division was introduced by Rudolf Carnap in his work ''Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology''.〔 It was subsequently criticized at length by Willard Van Orman Quine in a number of works,〔〔 and was considered for some time to have been discredited. However, recently a number of authors have come to the support of some or another version of Carnap's approach.〔〔〔 ==Linguistic framework== Carnap introduced the idea of a 'linguistic framework' or a 'form of language' that uses a precise specification of the definitions of and the relations between entities. The discussion of a proposition within a framework can take on a logical or an empirical (that is, factual) aspect. The logical aspect concerns whether the proposition respects the definitions and rules set up in the framework. The empirical aspect concerns the application of the framework in some or another practical situation. The utility of a linguistic framework constitutes issues that Carnap calls 'external' or 'pragmatic'. The distinction between 'internal' and 'external' arguments is not as obvious as it might appear. For example, discussion of the imaginary unit √−1 ''might'' be an internal question framed in the language of complex numbers about the correct usage of √−1, or it ''might'' be a question about the utility of complex numbers: whether there is any practical advantage in using √−1.〔 Clearly the question of utility is not completely separable from the way a linguistic framework is organized. A more formal statement of the internal-external difference is provided by Myhill: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Internal–external distinction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.